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Glulam Beam & Column Design

Design Glulam elements to Eurocode 5. Analyze bending, shear, and stability for GL24, GL28, and GL30 grades in seconds.

The Backbone of Mass Timber

Glue Laminated Timber (Glulam) allows for spans and geometries that solid timber simply cannot match. By laminating stress-graded timber stock, Glulam offers higher strength, consistency, and architectural beauty.

The SPEC Toolbox Glulam Calculator removes the complexity of Eurocode 5 (EN 1995-1-1) verification. Whether you are designing a simple roof ridge beam or a heavy-duty column, this tool automates the interaction checks, stability factors, and material properties for all standard European Glulam grades (EN 14080).

What This Calculator Does

This tool performs a complete structural analysis of Glulam beams and columns under gravity and wind loads. It verifies:

Bending Capacity (My,Rd, Mz,Rd): Checks major and minor axis moment capacity, automatically applying the size effect factor (kh).
Shear Capacity (VRd): Verifies vertical shear strength, critical for short, heavily loaded beams.
Lateral Torsional Buckling (kcrit): A rigorous stability check for long, unrestrained beams. The tool calculates the critical bending stress (𝜎𝑚,𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡) to prevent the beam from rolling over before it reaches its full strength.
Compression & Buckling (kc): For columns, it calculates the slenderness ratio (λ) and applies the instability factor (kc) for buckling about both axes.
Deflection (wfin): Calculates instantaneous and creep deflection (kdef) to ensure long-term serviceability.

About : Glulam Design

Technical Guide: Glulam Design to Eurocode 5

1. Size Effect ($k_h$)

Unlike steel, timber is stronger in smaller volumes. Eurocode 5 accounts for this with the Size Effect Factor ($k_h$).

For depths less than 600mm, the characteristic bending and tensile strength is increased.

$$k_h = \min \left( \left(\frac{600}{h}\right)^{0.1}, 1.1 \right)$$

Our calculator automatically updates this factor as you adjust the beam depth, ensuring you get the full benefit of the material’s efficiency.

2. Lateral Torsional Buckling (LTB)

Deep, slender Glulam beams are prone to buckling sideways under load.

The calculator determines the Relative Slenderness ($\lambda_{rel,m}$) and applies the reduction factor ($k_{crit}$).

  • Tip: You can toggle lateral restraints (e.g., “Restrained at supports only” or “Fully restrained by decking”) to optimize your design and increase capacity.

3. Material Hierarchy (EN 14080)

We support the full range of harmonized European Glulam grades:

  • Combined Glulam (GL24c, GL28c, GL30c): Uses stronger laminations on the outer faces (tension/compression zones) and lower grade timber in the core. Efficient and cost-effective.
  • Homogeneous Glulam (GL24h, GL28h, GL30h): Uses the same high-grade timber throughout. Used when the aesthetic of the edge face is critical or for specific stress concentrations.

Key Formulas & Parameters

Combined Axial & Bending:

For columns or beams with axial loads, the interaction formula is critical:

$$\left(\frac{\sigma_{c,0,d}}{k_c \cdot f_{c,0,d}}\right) + \left(\frac{\sigma_{m,y,d}}{f_{m,y,d}}\right) \le 1.0$$

The tool checks both “Squared” and “Linear” interaction limits as required by Clause 6.3.2.

Shear Verification ($k_{cr}$):

Eurocode 5 requires a reduction in shear width to account for fissures (cracks) in the timber.

  • $k_{cr} = 0.67$ (Standard value for solid timber/glulam per NA).
  • This effectively ignores 33% of the beam width for shear checks, a conservative but mandatory safety measure.

Service Classes:

  • Service Class 1: Heated indoor environments ($k_{def} = 0.6$).
  • Service Class 2: Covered exterior / unheated ($k_{def} = 0.8$).
  • Service Class 3: Exposed to weather ($k_{def} = 2.0$).
  • Note: Changing the Service Class significantly impacts long-term deflection.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I design tapered beams?

This module is for Prismatic (Straight) members. For tapered, curved, or pitched-cambered beams, please use our advanced Complex Beam Module (coming soon), as these require specialized stress checks for tension perpendicular to grain ($k_{vol}$).

Does it check bearing?

Yes. The calculator verifies the Compression Perpendicular to Grain ($f_{c,90,d}$) at the supports. You can adjust the bearing length ($l_b$) to ensure the beam doesn’t crush the wall plate.

Is Fire Design included?

This module covers “Cold” design. For fire verification (R30, R60), use the Beam Fire Calculator to determine the effective reduced cross-section ($d_{eff}$) after charring.